TORA币DApp开发入门教程,从零开始构建你的去中心化应用

访问TORA官方提供的测试网水龙头（Faucet），输入你的MetaMask钱包地址，获取一定数量的tTORA，如果没有水龙头,可以关注TORA社区官方公告或Discord群组。

构建你的第一个TORA DApp：简单投票合约示例

我们将创建一个简单的投票DApp,包含智能合约和前端界面。

1. 初始化项目：

   mkdir tora-vote-dapp
   cd tora-vote-dapp
   npm init -y
   npm install --save-dev hardhat @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox @openzeppelin/contracts ethers

2. 创建Hardhat项目：

   npx hardhat

   选择 "Create a JavaScript project" (或TypeScript项目),一路回车即可。

3. 编写智能合约 (Vote.sol)： 在 contracts 目录下创建 Vote.sol 文件：

   // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
   pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
   contract Vote {
       string public proposalName;
       uint256 public totalVotes;
       mapping(address => uint256) public votes;
       bool public votingOpen = true;
       constructor(string memory _proposalName) {
           proposalName = _proposalName;
       }
       function vote() public {
           require(votingOpen, "Voting is closed");
           require(votes[msg.sender] == 0, "Already voted");
           votes[msg.sender] = 1;
           totalVotes += 1;
       }
       function endVoting() public {
           votingOpen = false;
       }
       function getVotes(address voter) public view returns (uint256) {
           return votes[voter];
       }
   }

4. 配置Hardhat连接TORA测试网： 在项目根目录创建 .env 文件（并添加到 .gitignore）：

   PRIVATE_KEY=你的MetaMask账户私钥(0x开头)
   TORA_TESTNET_RPC_URL=https://testnet-rpc.tora.io (示例，替换为官方最新RPC)

   然后在 hardhat.config.js 中配置：

   require("@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox");
   require('dotenv').config();
   /** @type import('hardhat/config').HardhatUserConfig */
   module.exports = {
     solidity: "0.8.20",
     networks: {
       toraTestnet: {
         url: process.env.TORA_TESTNET_RPC_URL,
         accounts: [process.env.PRIVATE_KEY],
         chainId: 1001, // 替换为TORA测试网的chainId
       },
     },
   };

5. 编译合约：

   npx hardhat compile

6. 部署合约： 在 scripts 目录下创建 deploy.js 文件：

   async function main() {
     const Vote = await ethers.getContractFactory("Vote");
     const vote = await Vote.deploy("Should we build more DApps on TORA?");
     await vote.waitForDeployment();
     console.log("Vote contract deployed to:", vote.target);
   }
   main()
     .then(() => process.exit(0))
     .catch((error) => {
       console.error(error);
       process.exit(1);
     });

   运行部署脚本：

   npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network toraTestnet

   记录下部署后的合约地址。

开发DApp前端界面

1. 安装前端依赖：

   npm install react react-dom @metamask/providers ethers
   npx create-react-app frontend
   cd frontend
   npm install

2. 创建前端组件： 在 frontend 项目的 src 目录下，修改 App.js：

   import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
   import { ethers } from 'ethers';
   import voteContract from './artifacts/contracts/Vote.sol/Vote.json'; // 确保路径正确
   function App() {
     const [account, setAccount] = useState("");
     const [contract, setContract] = useState(null);
     const [proposalName, setProposalName] = useState("");
     const [totalVotes, setTotalVotes] = useState(0);
     const [hasVoted, setHasVoted] = useState(false);
     const [contractAddress, setContractAddress] = useState("YOUR_DEPLOYED_CONTRACT_ADDRESS_HERE"); // 替换为部署的合约地址
     useEffect(() => {
       const connectWallet = async () => {
         if (window.ethereum) {
           const accounts = await window.ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' });
           setAccount(accounts[0]);
           const provider = new ethers.BrowserProvider(window.ethereum);
           const signer = await provider.getSigner();
           const voteContractInstance = new ethers.Contract(contractAddress, voteContract.abi, signer);
           setContract(voteContractInstance);
           loadContractData(voteContractInstance);
         } else {
           alert("Please install MetaMask!");
         }
       };
       connectWallet();
     }, [contractAddress]);
     const loadContractData = async (voteContractInstance) => {
       try {
         const name = await voteContractInstance.proposalName();
         const votes = await voteContractInstance.totalVotes();
         setProposalName(name);
         setTotalVotes(votes.toString());
         const userVotes = await voteContractInstance.getVotes(account);
         setHasVoted(userVotes > 0);
       } catch (error) {
         console.error("Error loading contract data:", error);
       }
     };
     const handleVote = async ()